voluntary-chain自愿连锁
Voluntary Chain VC连锁
voluntary chain supermarket自愿连锁超市
Voluntary chain stores自愿连续店
voluntary chain store自愿连锁店
Voluntary Chain-stores自愿连锁店;志愿连锁店
voluntary chain group自愿连锁集团
voluntary chain operation自愿连锁经营
Wholesaler-Sponsored Voluntary Chain自愿连锁系统
Since the 1850’s, the chain operations have gone through more than 150 years. In most countries, there are three forms which are called regular chain, franchise chain and voluntary chain.
从1850年代,连锁经营产生以来,走过了150多年,在大部分国家发展成直营连锁、特许连锁和自愿连锁三种经营形式。
参考来源 - 三种连锁经营发育的比较分析